0808, Chile; [email protected] (C.A.); [email protected]
0808, Chile; [email protected] (C.A.); [email protected] (S.V.); [email protected] (M.G.V.-S.); [email protected] (M.G.); [email protected] (H.H.); [email protected] (L.L.) Division of Sciences and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Chile, Santiago 8380494, Chile Nucleus of Applied Analysis in Veterinary and Agronomic Sciences, NIAVA, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Agronomy, Universidad de las Am icas, Santiago 9250000, Chile Correspondence: [email protected] (C.V.); [email protected] (L.S.)Citation: Avenda , C.; Vidal, S.; Villamizar-Sarmiento, M.G.; Guzm , M.; Hidalgo, H.; Lapierre, L.; Valenzuela, C.; S nz, L. Encapsulation of Cochleates Derived from Salmonella Infantis with Biopolymers to Develop a Prospective Oral Poultry Vaccine. Polymers 2021, 13, 3426. https:// doi.org/10.3390/polym13193426 Academic Editors: Tao-Hsing Chen and Shih-Chen Shi Received: 13 September 2021 Accepted: 28 September 2021 Published: 6 OctoberAbstract: The aim of this study was to create and characterize Salmonella enterica serovar Infantis (S. Infantis) cochleates protected by encapsulation technologies as a prospective vaccine and to ascertain its safety in pullets. Cochleates have been encapsulated by two technologies, spray drying and ionotropic gelation at distinct concentrations (05 v/v), and were characterized by physicochemical properties, GYKI 52466 medchemexpress protein content material and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). The cochleates have been white liquid suspensions with tubular shapes and a protein content material of 1.0.1 mg/mL. Immediately after encapsulation by spray drying, microparticles ranged in size from 10.46.9 , were spherical in shape, plus the protein content material was 0.7.eight mg/g. Right after encapsulation by ionotropic gelation, beads ranged in size from 1620950 and have been spherical in shape having a protein content material of 1.0.five mg/g. FTIR analysis indicated that each encapsulation processes had been effective. The cochleates encapsulated by ionotropic gelation were then tested for security in pullets. No ill impact around the health of animals was observed upon physical or postmortem examination. In conclusion, this study was the first step in creating a prospective oral S. Infantis vaccine secure for poultry making use of a novel cochleate encapsulation technology. Future research are necessary to identify the effectiveness in the vaccine. Keywords and phrases: cochleate; encapsulation; poultry; Salmonella Infantis; vaccine1. Introduction Chicken meat would be the most broadly consumed meat inside the world, constituting 30 of international meat production [1]. Poultry solutions are accepted/marketed as healthier alternatives to red meat. Regrettably, chicken meat can also be an essential reservoir for Salmonella spp. causing the foodborne illness salmonellosis in human beings. A significant increase in Salmonella has been observed in many countries more than the previous years, major to international restrictions on imports and exports of chicken meat [2]. Salmonella is devastating to public wellness and includes a adverse economic impact on the poultry industry. In Europe, Salmonella enterica serovar Infantis (S. Infantis) would be the most regularly reported serovar from chicken meat (36.five ) and broilers (56.7 ) [3]. Within the USA, S. Infantis is one of the most commonly Tasisulam Purity isolated serotypes from sick humans and poultry meat items [4]. Considering the fact that poultry products had been identified because the important source of Salmonella infection, vaccination of poultry has come to be mandatory [5,6]. Most Salmonella handle vaccines are parenteral.