Trombidiformes Insecta PhthirapteraDemodicidae Boopidae Linognathidae TrichodectidaeDemodex canis Heterodoxus spiniger Linognathus setosus
Trombidiformes Insecta PhthirapteraDemodicidae Boopidae Linognathidae TrichodectidaeDemodex canis Heterodoxus spiniger Linognathus setosus Trichodectes canis Nosopsyllus fasciatus Tunga penetrans Ctenocephalides canis Ctenocephalides felis felis Pulex irritans Xenopsylla brasiliensis Xenopsylla cheopisSiphonapteraCeratophyllidae Tungidae PulicidaeRhopalopsyllidaeaRhopalopsyllus lutzi lutziChecklist of ectoparasites (flying insects excluded) infesting dogs in Brazil .DantasTorres and Otranto Parasites Vectors , www.parasitesandvectors.comcontentPage ofTable Ectoparasites of cats in BrazilPhylum Arthropoda Class Arachnida Order Ixodida Family members Ixodidae Speciesa Amblyomma aureolatum Amblyomma ovale Amblyomma triste Rhipicephalus sanguineus s.l.Sarcoptiformes Listrophoridae Psoroptidae Sarcoptidae Lynxacarus radovskyi Otodectes cynotis Notoedres cati Sarcoptes scabiei Trombidiformes Insecta CP-456773 sodium site Phthiraptera Siphonaptera Demodicidae Trichodectidae Pulicidae Demodex cati Felicola subrostratus Ctenocephalides canis Ctenocephalides felis felis Pulex irritans TungidaeaTunga penetransChecklist of ectoparasites (flying insects excluded) infesting cats in Brazil [,,].Cats in Brazil are regularly discovered infested by fleas (e.g C.canis, C.felis felis, P.irritans, and T.penetrans), lice (Felicola subrostratus), and mites (e.g D.cati, Lynxacarus radovskyi, Notoedres cati, and O.cynotis) [,,].Less frequently, they’ve been found infested by ticks including R.sanguineus s.l.and Amblyomma triste .A few of these ectoparasites are well known in certain regions (e.g L.radovskyi in northeastern Brazil), but absolutely unknown or thought of uncommon in other folks.Even though cats have far more knowhow than dogs when the situation is “ectoparasite removal” by grooming, they may be hugely exposed to ectoparasites, especially in highdensity conditions which include in catteries .Even though most fleas, lice, mites, and ticks infesting dogs and cats may well be effortlessly identified, the delineation of some species may well be troublesome for nontaxonomists .Although some PubMed ID:http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21300267 keys for fleas, lice, and ticks have been published in books and journals , there are no extensive pictorial keys for the identification of dog and cat ectoparasites in Brazil (see Table and Figure).Flying insects might also represent a significant clinical trouble to dogs as cats in Brazil .For instance, mosquitoes, phlebotomine sand flies and triatomine bugs are vectors of Dirofilaria immitis, Leishmania infantum, and Trypanosoma cruzi, respectively, to both dogs and cats .Myiasis can also be pretty a prevalent difficulty in dogs and cats in Brazil, getting most often connected with infestation by larvae of Cochliomyia hominivorax and Dermatobia hominis , and significantly less frequently by other species of flies (e.g Lucilia eximia) .Additionally, steady flies (Stomoxys calcitrans) can generate skin lesions on the ears of those animals, which may perhaps also cause the occurrence of secondary bacterial infections .Endoparasites of dogs and cats in BrazilIn addition to ectoparasites, dogs in Brazil might be affected by quite a few endoparasites (Table), like protozoa, cestodes (tapeworms), trematodes (flukes), and nematodes (roundworms) .For example, endoparasites for example Dipylidium caninum, Echinococcus granulosus, A.braziliense, Ancylostoma caninum, Strongyloides stercoralis, Toxocara canis, Trichuris vulpis, and Dirofilaria immitis are typically identified in dogs from unique Brazilian regions .Other endoparasites such as Angiostrongylus vasorum have only sporadical.