Arrow represented the homozygous genotype CC (GG). doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0046566.gResults Characteristics of the study populationThe frequency distributions of selected demographic characteristics of the cases and controls are shown in Table 1. There were no differences between the patients and controls on age (P = 0.642), body mass index (BMI) (P = 
25033180 0.074), sex (P = 0.222), smoking status (P = 0.127), pack-years of smoking (P = 0.251) and drinking status (P = 0.714). However, there were more hypertension patients (36.4 ), and diabetics (13.5 ) among the cases than among the controls (all P,0.05). The majority of patients (84.0 ) had conventional clear cell carcinoma. Other patients who had papillary carcinoma, chromophobe carcinoma and unclassified were counted ninety-five (16 ). Approximately 63.5 of patients were in stage I, 18.4 , 6.7 , and 11.4 was found to be in stage II, III, and IV, respectively. In addition, the frequencies of nuclear grades from I to IV were 18.2 , 48.0 , 24.7 , and 9.1 , respectively.reduced RCC risk (Fruquintinib supplier adjusted OR = 0.68, 95 CI = 0.53?.87) and individuals with AG/GG genotype also had a reduced susceptibility to RCC (adjusted OR = 0.71, 95 CI = 0.56?.90). Furthermore, in the stratified analysis by age, BMI, sex, smoking status, drinking status, hypertension and diabetes, we found that the reduced risk was more pronounced in young subjects (adjusted OR = 0.56, 95 CI = 0.40?.78), subjects with BMI#24 (adjusted OR = 0.67, 95 CI = 0.48?.93), males (adjusted OR = 0.66, 95 CI = 0.49?.88), non-smokers (adjusted OR = 0.71, 95 CI = 0.53?.95), non-drinkers (adjusted OR = 0.72, 95 CI = 0.55?.95), subjects Dimethylenastron chemical information without hypertension (adjusted OR = 0.61, 95 CI = 0.46?.81) and subjects without diabetes (adjusted OR = 0.69, 95 CI = 0.54?.88) (Table 3).Association between pre-miR-27a polymorphism and clinical characteristics of RCCIn addition, the association between pre-miR-27a rs895819 polymorphism and the clinical characteristics of RCC was also examined. Results showed that AG/GG genotype was associated with reduced susceptibility in localized clinical stage (adjusted OR 1081537 = 0.71, 95 CI = 0.55?.91) and similar effects were observed in well differentiated and poorly differentiated RCC (adjusted OR = 0.71, 95 CI = 0.55?.93 for well differentiated, adjusted OR = 0.51, 95 CI = 0.28?.93 for poorly differentiated) (Table 4).Association between the pre-miR-27a polymorphism and RCC riskAllele frequencies and genotype distributions of pre-miR-27a rs895819 polymorphism in patients and controls are shown in Table 2. The observed genotype frequencies in the controls were consistent with that expected from HWE model (x2 = 0.795, P = 0.373). The frequencies distribution of G allele significantly differentiated from A allele among cases and controls (P = 0.019). After adjusting for possible confounding factors (age, sex, smoking status, drinking status, hypertension, and diabetes), logistic regression analysis revealed that when comparing with AA homozygote, AG heterozygote was associated with a significantlyInteraction analyses of rs895819 polymorphism and risk factorsWe have evaluated whether there were existence of interactions between rs895819 polymorphism and age, BMI, sex, smokingpre-miR-27a Polymorphism and RCC RiskTable 1. Distribution of selected variables between the RCC cases and control subjects.VariablesCases (n = 594)Controls (n = 600)PanAge (years) (mean 6 SD) #57 .57 BMI (kg/m2) (mean 6 SD) ,24 24 Sex Male Female.Arrow represented the homozygous genotype CC (GG). doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0046566.gResults Characteristics of the study populationThe frequency distributions of selected demographic characteristics of the cases and controls are shown in Table 1. There were no differences between the patients and controls on age (P = 0.642), body mass index (BMI) (P = 25033180 0.074), sex (P = 0.222), smoking status (P = 0.127), pack-years of smoking (P = 0.251) and drinking status (P = 0.714). However, there were more hypertension patients (36.4 ), and diabetics (13.5 ) among the cases than among the controls (all P,0.05). The majority of patients (84.0 ) had conventional clear cell carcinoma. Other patients who had papillary carcinoma, chromophobe carcinoma and unclassified were counted ninety-five (16 ). Approximately 63.5 of patients were in stage I, 18.4 , 6.7 , and 11.4 was found to be in stage II, III, and IV, respectively. In addition, the frequencies of 
nuclear grades from I to IV were 18.2 , 48.0 , 24.7 , and 9.1 , respectively.reduced RCC risk (adjusted OR = 0.68, 95 CI = 0.53?.87) and individuals with AG/GG genotype also had a reduced susceptibility to RCC (adjusted OR = 0.71, 95 CI = 0.56?.90). Furthermore, in the stratified analysis by age, BMI, sex, smoking status, drinking status, hypertension and diabetes, we found that the reduced risk was more pronounced in young subjects (adjusted OR = 0.56, 95 CI = 0.40?.78), subjects with BMI#24 (adjusted OR = 0.67, 95 CI = 0.48?.93), males (adjusted OR = 0.66, 95 CI = 0.49?.88), non-smokers (adjusted OR = 0.71, 95 CI = 0.53?.95), non-drinkers (adjusted OR = 0.72, 95 CI = 0.55?.95), subjects without hypertension (adjusted OR = 0.61, 95 CI = 0.46?.81) and subjects without diabetes (adjusted OR = 0.69, 95 CI = 0.54?.88) (Table 3).Association between pre-miR-27a polymorphism and clinical characteristics of RCCIn addition, the association between pre-miR-27a rs895819 polymorphism and the clinical characteristics of RCC was also examined. Results showed that AG/GG genotype was associated with reduced susceptibility in localized clinical stage (adjusted OR 1081537 = 0.71, 95 CI = 0.55?.91) and similar effects were observed in well differentiated and poorly differentiated RCC (adjusted OR = 0.71, 95 CI = 0.55?.93 for well differentiated, adjusted OR = 0.51, 95 CI = 0.28?.93 for poorly differentiated) (Table 4).Association between the pre-miR-27a polymorphism and RCC riskAllele frequencies and genotype distributions of pre-miR-27a rs895819 polymorphism in patients and controls are shown in Table 2. The observed genotype frequencies in the controls were consistent with that expected from HWE model (x2 = 0.795, P = 0.373). The frequencies distribution of G allele significantly differentiated from A allele among cases and controls (P = 0.019). After adjusting for possible confounding factors (age, sex, smoking status, drinking status, hypertension, and diabetes), logistic regression analysis revealed that when comparing with AA homozygote, AG heterozygote was associated with a significantlyInteraction analyses of rs895819 polymorphism and risk factorsWe have evaluated whether there were existence of interactions between rs895819 polymorphism and age, BMI, sex, smokingpre-miR-27a Polymorphism and RCC RiskTable 1. Distribution of selected variables between the RCC cases and control subjects.VariablesCases (n = 594)Controls (n = 600)PanAge (years) (mean 6 SD) #57 .57 BMI (kg/m2) (mean 6 SD) ,24 24 Sex Male Female.