The study area, data, and techniques employed for analysis, respectively. Section
The study location, data, and approaches utilized for evaluation, respectively. Section 5 presents the evaluation outcomes from the drought characterizationAppl. Sci. 2021, 11,3 ofapproach, parameter calibration approach, and also the benefits as well as the drought events had been characterized by using the calibrated method in MC from 2002 to 2020. The discussion and conclusion are supplied in Sections 6 and 7, respectively. 2. Study Location Since the MC has the traits of wide regional scope, large geographical atmosphere differences, and several climates, we selected 1 area in every of the four directions within the east, south, west, and north to conduct the study on drought event characterization (see Figure 1).Figure 1. The digital elevation models from the study places (SW: Five Southwest provinces; NE: 3 Northeast Province; NW: Three Northwest province; YR: The Streptonigrin supplier middle and decrease reaches of Yangtze River basin).These 4 regions in Figure 1 are 5 southwest provinces (SW, including Sichuan, Chongqing, Yunnan, Guizhou, and Guangxi), three northeast provinces (NE, such as Hei longjing, Ji lin, and Liao ning), 3 northwest provinces (NW, like FM4-64 Purity & Documentation Shanxi, Gansu, and Ningxia), and the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River (YR, including Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Shanghai, and components of Shanxi, Anhui, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, and Guizhou), respectively. 3. Data three.1. GRACE/GRACE-FO Data The GRACE and GRACE-FO RL06 monthly Spherical Harmonic (SH) solutions (truncated to degree and order 60) had been utilised to calculate neighborhood TWSC in accordance with all the strategy presented by Wahr et al. [17]. All of the SH goods employed in our study are published by Center for Space Investigation (CSR) at the University of Texas at Austin, including GRACEAppl. Sci. 2021, 11,four ofSH items from April 2002 to June 2017 and GRACE-FO SH merchandise covering the period June 2018 to July 2020. Prior to inversion calculation, the SH solutions need to be preprocessed. Firstly, make the geocentric correction to its 1-degree coefficients [18]; secondly, C20 coefficients were replaced by the ones from Satellite Laser Ranging (SLR) [19]; thirdly, we applied the combination filter processing consisting of a 300 km Fan filter [20] and de-correlation filter P3M6 [21] to lessen the effect of high frequency and correlated errors. Lastly, the inversion benefits used the scale aspect system to restore the signals weakened by the degree truncation and filter processing [22]. Via the above four measures of data processing, the grid data of TWSC within the study region might be obtained. Given that GRACE and GRACE-FO data are primarily the identical, we collectively referred to GRACE and GRACE-FO information as GRACE information within this study. three.2. Reconstructed TWSC Information As the GRACE and GRACE-FO missions are usually not coherent, there is certainly an 11-month data gap among the two [23]. Within this paper, we used the dataset of reconstructed terrestrial water storage in China primarily based on precipitation (2002019) to fill this gap, which was provided by National Tibetan Plateau Information Center. This dataset was calculated from several sources, including CSR GRACE/GRACE-FO RL06 Mascon Solutions, China’s day-to-day gridded precipitation real-time analysis system (version 1.0), and CN05.1 temperature data and other information sets by utilizing a precipitation reconstruction model, and thinking of the seasonal things and trend item of CSR RL06 Mascon solutions [24]. The data set consists of 191 months of month-to-month TWSC data, of which GRACE information is 161 months, GRACE-FO information is 17 months, plus the.