O cut the groove inlay therapy. Epoxy resin mortar is usually injected in to the cracks by applying a certain grouting stress to the grouting pipe pipe to fill the crack the cracks by applying a specific grouting pressure towards the grouting to fill the crack gap, as shown in FigureFigure 14a. case ofcase of Tenidap manufacturer seepage inside the cracked area, the cracks in the gap, as shown in 14a. In the Inside the water water seepage within the cracked region, the cracks seepage region can becan be treated by excavation and hydraulic diversion-slurry to prevent within the seepage area treated by excavation and hydraulic diversion-slurry filling filling to lining lining structure erosion owing to theconcentration of chloride ions in groundwater. stay away from structure erosion owing for the higher high concentration of chloride ions in groundAs shownshown in Figure 14b, the grooved region is connected towards the permeable water pipe, water. As in Figure 14b, the grooved region is connected towards the permeable water pipe, and drainage is realised by way of the diversion pipe,pipe, followed by slurry sealing. and drainage is realised by means of the diversion followed by slurry sealing.(a)(b)Figure 14. Crack treatment on lining surface: (a) no seepage; (b) seepage. Figure 14. Crack remedy on lining surface: (a) no seepage; (b) seepage.five. Conclusions coastal subway tunnels as well as the This study investigated the service atmosphere of coastal subway tunnels along with the chloride ion concentration within the groundwater. Indoor experiments have been carried out to groundwater. to determine the effect of lining crack width and depth around the chloride transport behaviour behaviour the concrete lining. In this paper, the experimentally induced chloride compositional in the concrete lining. Within this paper, the experimentally induced chloride compositional proprofiles are compared with the numerical simulation outcomes, yielding a affordable agreefiles are compared using the numerical simulation final results, yielding a reasonable agreement. The serviceservice a concrete lining inside a chloride-rich atmosphere is predicted for any variety ment. The life of life of a concrete lining inside a chloride-rich atmosphere is predicted for ofrange of crackand lining thickness situations. The primary key conclusions are summaa crack width width and lining thickness conditions. The conclusions are summarised as follows. rised as follows. (1) An inspection of subway tunnels in coastal cities Seclidemstat Seclidemstat indicates that these service environments frequently contain high concentrations of chloride ions. (2) Indoor experiments show that the chloride ion concentration within a concrete protective layer increases with increasing crack width and crack depth. The effect of crack depth on chloride ion attack within the protective layer is for that reason a lot more substantial than that of crack width. (3) Based on numerical simulations performed to calculate the chloride permeabilityMaterials 2021, 14,14 of(1) (two)(3)(4)An inspection of subway tunnels in coastal cities indicates that these service environments usually contain higher concentrations of chloride ions. Indoor experiments show that the chloride ion concentration within a concrete protective layer increases with rising crack width and crack depth. The impact of crack depth on chloride ion attack in the protective layer is thus far more substantial than that of crack width. In line with numerical simulations performed to calculate the chloride permeability of a cracked lining structure and to predict its service life, the service life of an intact.