Ada Research Chair in Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering from CIHR. Conflicts of Interest: The authors declare no conflict of interest.International Journal ofMolecular SciencesReviewRole of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors (PPARs) in Power Homeostasis of Dairy Animals: Exploiting Their Modulation via Nutrigenomic InterventionsFaiz-ul Hassan 1,two, , Asif Nadeem three, , Zhipeng Li 1 , Maryam Javed four , Qingyou Liu 1 , Jahanzaib Azhar 3 , Muhammad Saif-ur Rehman two , Kuiqing Cui 1, and Saif ur Rehman 1, State Crucial Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning 530005, China; [email protected] (F.-u.H.); [email protected] (Z.L.); [email protected] (Q.L.) Institute of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Faculty of Animal Husbandry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan; shsaifurrehman@yahoo Division of Biotechnology, Virtual University of Pakistan, Flavoxate-d5 manufacturer Lahore 54000, Pakistan; [email protected] (A.N.); [email protected] (J.A.) Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Veterinary and Animal Pirenperone Purity & Documentation Sciences Lahore, Lahore 54000, Pakistan; [email protected] Correspondence: [email protected] (K.C.); Saif_ali28@yahoo (S.u.R.) These authors contributed equally.Citation: Hassan, F.-u.; Nadeem, A.; Li, Z.; Javed, M.; Liu, Q.; Azhar, J.; Rehman, M.S.-u.; Cui, K.; Rehman, S.u. Role of Peroxisome ProliferatorActivated Receptors (PPARs) in Power Homeostasis of Dairy Animals: Exploiting Their Modulation by way of Nutrigenomic Interventions. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22, 12463. ten.3390/ ijms222212463 Academic Editors: Walter Wahli and Manuel V quez-Carrera Received: 29 September 2021 Accepted: 16 November 2021 Published: 18 NovemberAbstract: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are the nuclear receptors that could mediate the nutrient-dependent transcriptional activation and regulate metabolic networks by way of energy homeostasis. Even so, these receptors can not function appropriately below metabolic anxiety. PPARs and their subtypes can be modulated by nutrigenomic interventions, specifically beneath pressure conditions to restore cellular homeostasis. Lots of nutrients including polyunsaturated fatty acids, vitamins, dietary amino acids and phytochemicals have shown their potential for potential activation or inhibition of PPARs. Therefore, via diverse mechanisms, all these nutrients can modulate PPARs and are in the end valuable to prevent different metabolic problems, specifically in transition dairy cows. This overview aims to provide insights into the important role of PPARs in power metabolism and their possible modulation via nutrigenomic interventions to enhance energy homeostasis in dairy animals. Keywords: nuclear receptors; PPARs; nutrigenomics; energy homeostasis; dairy animals1. Introduction Dairy animals provide milk and dairy solutions, that are thought of a number of the most significant sources of nutrients for the human diet regime globally. Dairy production is the key element of sustainable agriculture in the tropics and subtropics. The swiftly growing human population urges for consolidated efforts to make sure the abundant future availability of milk and dairy items. Consequently, complications and challenges linked with milk production and dairy animal well being need to be addressed to enhance the production of animals. Dairy animals encounter diverse varieties of strain at different production stages in which the transition period is amongst the most stressfu.