Ificant inside the low-pressure variety. As stress increases, each quantities reduce. The microcrack density and porosity decreases, which could be attributed towards the decrease. The microcrack density and porosity decreases, which could be attributed towards the closure of microcracks [57,58]. closure of microcracks [57,58].(a) (b) Figure eight. Microcrack density (a) and porosity (b) as function of productive stress. Figure eight. Microcrack density (a) and porosity (b) as aa function of efficient pressure.The dry rock density of sample S2-9 2410 kg/m3 and also the bulk modulus of the minThe dry rock density of sample S2-9 isis 2410 kg/m3, along with the bulk modulus with the mineral mixture is 39 GPa. The fluid properties are determined from the empirical equations eral mixture is 39 GPa. The fluid properties are determined in the empirical equations of Batzle and Wang [59]. Figure displays the P-wave velocity as function with the effective of Batzle and Wang [59]. Figure 99displays the P-wave velocity as aafunction of your powerful stress, where the squirt flow 1-?Furfurylpyrrole Biological Activity lengths are obtained by by matching the theoretical outcomes stress, where the squirt flow lengths are obtained matching the theoretical outcomes for the experimental data. It shows that the sample can becan be characterized by a continual to the experimental information. It shows that the sample characterized by a constant squirt flow length at differentdifferent pressures [31]. The characteristic length of sample S2-9 is squirt flow length at pressures [31]. The characteristic length of sample S2-9 is 0.45 mm. This quantity is just not so relevant for the stress the pressure consideredbe viewed as rock 0.45 mm. This quantity is not so relevant to and it might be and it can as an intrinsic as an property [26]. property [26]. intrinsic rock4.95 4.9 four.85 four.8 4.75 4.7 four.65 four.Experiment R (1 mm) R (0.45) R (0.3)Energies 2021, 14,eral mixture is 39 GPa. The fluid properties are determined from the empirical equations of Batzle and Wang [59]. Figure 9 displays the P-wave velocity as a function of your effective pressure, exactly where the squirt flow lengths are obtained by matching the theoretical outcomes for the experimental information. It shows that the sample is usually characterized by a continual squirt flow length at distinctive pressures [31]. The characteristic length of sample ten of 18 S2-9 is 0.45 mm. This quantity is just not so relevant for the pressure and it might be viewed as as an intrinsic rock property [26].four.95 four.9 four.85 4.eight 4.75 4.7 four.65 four.6 ten 20 30 Stress (MPa)Experiment R (1 mm) R (0.45) R (0.3)Figure 9. P-wave velocity as a function from the helpful stress in comparison with the experimental information. Figure 9. P-wave velocity as a function from the successful stress compared to the experimental information. Results at diverse squirt flow lengths are shown. Benefits at various squirt flow lengths are shown.four. Comparison involving Theory and Experiment four. Comparison between Theory and ExperimentEnergies 2021, 14, x FOR PEER Review Impact of Saturation 4.1. Effect of Saturation four.1. 11 ofThe present model is employed to calculate the P-wave velocity and attenuation of sample The present model is applied to calculate the P-wave velocity and attenuation of sample S2-9 at five MPa effective pressure. The dry rock bulk modulus is 20.5 GPa, the Poisson ratio S2-9 at five MPa effective stress. The dry rock bulk modulus is 20.5 GPa, the Poisson ratio permeability is 0.15, the permeability is 0.177 mD, the outer diameter is 0.12 mm, the high-pressure modulus is 23 flu.