It really is estimated that more than one million adults inside the UK are presently living together with the long-term consequences of brain injuries (Headway, 2014b). Rates of ABI have elevated considerably in recent years, with estimated increases over ten years ranging from 33 per cent (Headway, 2014b) to 95 per cent (HSCIC, 2012). This improve is resulting from many different aspects such as enhanced emergency GDC-0152 site response following injury (Powell, 2004); far more cyclists interacting with heavier traffic flow; elevated participation in risky sports; and larger numbers of pretty old individuals in the population. In accordance with Good (2014), by far the most typical causes of ABI within the UK are falls (22 ?43 per cent), assaults (30 ?50 per cent) and road visitors accidents (circa 25 per cent), even though the latter category accounts for a disproportionate quantity of extra severe brain injuries; other causes of ABI include sports injuries and domestic violence. Brain injury is extra widespread amongst guys than females and shows peaks at ages fifteen to thirty and more than eighty (Good, 2014). International information show comparable patterns. As an example, in the USA, the Centre for Disease Control estimates that ABI impacts 1.7 million Americans each and every year; young children aged from birth to 4, older teenagers and adults aged over sixty-five have the highest rates of ABI, with guys far more susceptible than females across all age ranges (CDC, undated, Traumatic Brain Injury in the United states of america: Reality Sheet, out there online at www.cdc.gov/ traumaticbraininjury/get_the_facts.html, accessed December 2014). There’s also rising awareness and concern within the USA about ABI amongst military personnel (see, e.g. Okie, 2005), with ABI rates reported to exceed onefifth of combatants (Okie, 2005; Terrio et al., 2009). While this article will focus on existing UK policy and practice, the concerns which it highlights are relevant to quite a few national contexts.Acquired Brain Injury, Social Function and PersonalisationIf the causes of ABI are wide-ranging and unevenly distributed across age and gender, the impacts of ABI are similarly purchase GBT440 diverse. Many people make a good recovery from their brain injury, while other folks are left with considerable ongoing troubles. Additionally, as Headway (2014b) cautions, the `initial diagnosis of severity of injury isn’t a reputable indicator of long-term problems’. The potential impacts of ABI are well described both in (non-social function) academic literature (e.g. Fleminger and Ponsford, 2005) and in individual accounts (e.g. Crimmins, 2001; Perry, 1986). Having said that, given the limited attention to ABI in social perform literature, it truly is worth 10508619.2011.638589 listing some of the typical after-effects: physical troubles, cognitive difficulties, impairment of executive functioning, modifications to a person’s behaviour and modifications to emotional regulation and `personality’. For many people today with ABI, there will be no physical indicators of impairment, but some may experience a range of physical issues which includes `loss of co-ordination, muscle rigidity, paralysis, epilepsy, difficulty in speaking, loss of sight, smell or taste, fatigue, and sexual problems’ (Headway, 2014b), with fatigue and headaches getting especially widespread soon after cognitive activity. ABI may perhaps also cause cognitive difficulties which include difficulties with journal.pone.0169185 memory and lowered speed of data processing by the brain. These physical and cognitive aspects of ABI, while difficult for the individual concerned, are somewhat quick for social workers and others to conceptuali.It is estimated that more than a single million adults inside the UK are at present living with the long-term consequences of brain injuries (Headway, 2014b). Rates of ABI have increased considerably in recent years, with estimated increases more than ten years ranging from 33 per cent (Headway, 2014b) to 95 per cent (HSCIC, 2012). This increase is due to many different things like improved emergency response following injury (Powell, 2004); more cyclists interacting with heavier traffic flow; enhanced participation in hazardous sports; and larger numbers of quite old men and women in the population. As outlined by Nice (2014), the most common causes of ABI in the UK are falls (22 ?43 per cent), assaults (30 ?50 per cent) and road site visitors accidents (circa 25 per cent), though the latter category accounts for a disproportionate variety of extra serious brain injuries; other causes of ABI incorporate sports injuries and domestic violence. Brain injury is extra frequent amongst guys than ladies and shows peaks at ages fifteen to thirty and more than eighty (Nice, 2014). International data show similar patterns. For example, in the USA, the Centre for Disease Control estimates that ABI impacts 1.7 million Americans every year; youngsters aged from birth to 4, older teenagers and adults aged more than sixty-five possess the highest rates of ABI, with men far more susceptible than females across all age ranges (CDC, undated, Traumatic Brain Injury inside the United states: Truth Sheet, offered on the net at www.cdc.gov/ traumaticbraininjury/get_the_facts.html, accessed December 2014). There’s also escalating awareness and concern inside the USA about ABI amongst military personnel (see, e.g. Okie, 2005), with ABI rates reported to exceed onefifth of combatants (Okie, 2005; Terrio et al., 2009). While this article will focus on present UK policy and practice, the concerns which it highlights are relevant to several national contexts.Acquired Brain Injury, Social Work and PersonalisationIf the causes of ABI are wide-ranging and unevenly distributed across age and gender, the impacts of ABI are similarly diverse. Some people make a great recovery from their brain injury, while other people are left with significant ongoing difficulties. Moreover, as Headway (2014b) cautions, the `initial diagnosis of severity of injury just isn’t a dependable indicator of long-term problems’. The prospective impacts of ABI are nicely described each in (non-social perform) academic literature (e.g. Fleminger and Ponsford, 2005) and in individual accounts (e.g. Crimmins, 2001; Perry, 1986). Nevertheless, provided the restricted interest to ABI in social perform literature, it can be worth 10508619.2011.638589 listing a few of the frequent after-effects: physical difficulties, cognitive troubles, impairment of executive functioning, modifications to a person’s behaviour and alterations to emotional regulation and `personality’. For many folks with ABI, there will be no physical indicators of impairment, but some could experience a range of physical troubles such as `loss of co-ordination, muscle rigidity, paralysis, epilepsy, difficulty in speaking, loss of sight, smell or taste, fatigue, and sexual problems’ (Headway, 2014b), with fatigue and headaches becoming particularly prevalent soon after cognitive activity. ABI may also result in cognitive troubles such as complications with journal.pone.0169185 memory and reduced speed of info processing by the brain. These physical and cognitive elements of ABI, while difficult for the individual concerned, are fairly simple for social workers and other folks to conceptuali.