t transformation. the authors showed that the splicing factor SF2/aSF is upregulated in various human tumours, and affects alternative splicing of the tumour suppressor Bin1 and the kinases MnK2 and S6K1. the resulting Bin1 isoforms lack tumour-suppressor activity, the MnK2 isoform promotes MapK-independent eiF4E phosphorylation and 2008 EuropEan MolEcular Biology organization reviews Glossary BCL-2-like 1 protein, an apoptosis regulator; alternative splicing of the BCL-X precursor messenger PubMed ID:http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19811080 RNA gives rise to two isoforms encoding proteins with antagonistic functional properties, a long antiapoptotic isoform and a short proapoptotic isoform BIN1 bridging integrator 1, a tumour-suppressor gene that is involved in apoptosis; the appearance of splicing factor 2/alternative splicing factor-dependent BIN1 splicing isoforms correlates with decreased levels of apoptosis CDC25B cell-division cycle 25B FAS an apoptosis-stimulating fragment, also known as member 6 of the tumour necrosis factor receptor superfamily; the human FAS gene encodes a transmembrane protein that mediates apoptosis upon ligation of the FAS ligand; alternative splicing produces either a membrane bound form of the receptor that promotes apoptosis or a soluble isoform that prevents programmed cell death MAPK mitogen-activated protein kinase MNK2 mitogen-activated protein kinase-interacting serine/threonine kinase 2; as a result of splicing factor 2/alternative splicing factordependent alternative splicing, the MNK2 
kinase is active in the absence of upstream signals from the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway MRP1 multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 pre-mRNA precursor messenger RNA, the initial transcript of a proteincoding gene PTB polypyrimidine-tract binding protein, involved in splicing regulation RBM5 RNA-binding motif protein 5, involved in splicing regulation RNAi RNA interference RON recepteur d’origine nantais; the RON protein belongs to the mesenchymalepithelial transition factor proto-oncogene family of receptor tyrosine kinases S6K1 ribosomal protein S6 kinase, involved in translational control in the mammalian target of rapamycin pathway; overexpression of splicing factor 2/alternative splicing factor induces alternative splicing of S6K1 leading to a protein isoform with oncogenic properties SF2/ASF splicing factor 2/alternative splicing factor, a member of the serine/BAY 41-2272 arginine rich protein family; participates in constitutive and alternative splicing, and is essential for cell viability SF3b splicing factor 3b, an integral component of the U2 small-nuclear ribonucleoprotein particle siRNA small interfering RNA snRNPs small nuclear ribonucleoprotein particles, the building blocks of the spliceosome; each is composed of a uridine-rich small-nuclear RNA packaged with proteins SPF45/RBM17 45 kDa-splicing factor/RNA-binding motif protein 17, involved in splicing regulation SRP20 a member of the serine/arginine rich protein family, involved in splicing regulation SRPK serine/arginine rich protein kinase U2AF U2 small-nuclear ribonucleoprotein particle auxiliary factor is an essential splicing factor composed of two subunits, U2AF65 and U2AF35; U2AF35 assists binding of U2AF65 to the polypyrimidine tract upstream of the 3′ splice site, which promotes recruitment of the U2AF to the precursor messenger RNA BCL-X concep t the S6K1 isoform has demonstrated oncogenic properties. this study acts as a proof-of-principle and provides evidence that abnormally express